Banasura Fort, also known as Kotgarh Fort, is one of the most enigmatic and historically significant sites in the Champawat district of Uttarakhand. Positioned near Karnarayat village, about 6 kilometers from the town of Lohaghat, this ancient fort stands at an elevation of around 1859 meters above sea level. Renowned for offering breathtaking views of the Himalayas, especially the majestic Panchachuli peaks, Banasura Fort is a perfect blend of history, mythology, and nature’s grandeur.

This article delves into the fascinating tales surrounding Banasura Fort, its historical significance, and why it is a must-visit destination for both history buffs and nature enthusiasts. Additionally, we’ll explore how to get there, what to expect during the journey, and the spectacular views waiting for travelers at the top.

Mythology and History of Banasura Fort

Banasura: The Mythical King and His Connection to the Fort

The story of Banasura Fort is deeply rooted in ancient Indian mythology. Banasura, the eldest son of King Bali, was a powerful king and a devoted follower of Lord Shiva. According to the legend, Banasura’s devotion pleased Lord Shiva so much that he was granted a boon—a thousand arms. With this newfound power, Banasura became even more formidable, and his pride grew with his strength.

Lord Shiva had promised Banasura that he would fight on his behalf if the time came. Banasura, emboldened by his power and the assurance of Lord Shiva’s aid, began to misuse his abilities, creating havoc wherever he went. His downfall, however, began when he abducted Pradyuman, the grandson of Lord Krishna, due to Pradyuman’s relationship with Banasura’s daughter, Usha.

The tale goes that this incident led to a war between Banasura and Lord Krishna, with Lord Shiva fighting on the side of Banasura as per his boon. Eventually, Lord Shiva withdrew from the battle, and Lord Krishna defeated Banasura inside the fort. This mythological battle is one of the key reasons why the fort is associated with Banasura and is sometimes referred to as Bane Kot or Bada Kot.

Another fascinating aspect of the mythology surrounding Banasura Fort is the Lohavati River, which flows nearby. It is believed that this river was formed from Banasura’s blood during his final battle with Lord Krishna. Even today, the soil around the river is said to be tinged red and black, reminding visitors of the mythical battle that once took place here.

The Significance of Banasura Fort

Banasura Fort holds a special place not just in mythology, but also in the history and geography of the region. While the complete history of the fort remains somewhat obscure, it is widely believed to date back to ancient times, possibly linked to the Chand Dynasty or even earlier. The fort’s location, high on a ridge, offers a strategic vantage point from which travelers can admire panoramic views of the Himalayas.

The fort is protected by the Archaeological Department of India, and the remains of the structure—about 90 meters long and 20-25 meters wide—are still visible. What makes Banasura Fort even more remarkable is its strategic location. From the fort, visitors can enjoy a 360-degree view of the surrounding Himalayan ranges, including the peaks from Nepal to Chaukhambha. The fertile land around Karnakarayat to the south is also visible, highlighting the fort’s historical importance as a protective stronghold for the region.

Exploring the Architecture of Banasura Fort

Banasura Fort’s architecture provides insight into the past and suggests that it was built in several stages over different periods. The fort has two entrances, and its elongated shape suggests that it might have been constructed during at least three different periods in history. There are four security towers at each corner of the fort, which would have been essential for protecting the stronghold from invaders.

One of the most interesting architectural features of the fort is the presence of 85 light holes or skylights built into the walls, similar to those found at Chandpur Garhi. These light holes are designed with sloping lower surfaces, possibly to aid in their defensive use.

Another remarkable feature of the fort is its water management system. Unlike Chandpur Garhi, where a circular well was located outside the main building, Banasura Fort has a rectangular well built within the main structure. Measuring 13 meters in length, 5 meters in width, and about 8 meters deep, the well has stairs leading down to the bottom. It is believed that the fort’s residents used this water tank, particularly during times of war or siege. The area around Karnakarayat is rich in water sources, making it a fertile region and a vital location for a fort.

Trekking to Banasura Fort: A Traveler’s Guide

How to Reach Banasura Fort

To embark on a journey to Banasura Fort, travelers must first reach Lohaghat, which is about 5 kilometers from Champawat, the district headquarters. From Lohaghat, it’s another 6 kilometers to Karnarayat village, where the trek to Banasura Fort begins. The trek is approximately 1 kilometer long and offers travelers a chance to walk through picturesque landscapes, surrounded by the natural beauty of Uttarakhand.

For those seeking a more immersive experience, the best time to visit Banasura Fort is during the early morning or late afternoon, when the sunlight bathes the fort in golden hues and the Himalayas are most clearly visible.

The Trek: What to Expect

The trek to Banasura Fort is relatively easy, making it accessible to travelers of all fitness levels. It is a gentle gradient of about 2 kilometers that takes hikers through dense forests and open fields, with plenty of opportunities to soak in the beauty of the surrounding landscapes.

As you ascend, you’ll be greeted by spectacular views of the Himalayan peaks, with the Panchachuli range particularly visible on clear days. The sound of the nearby Lohavati River adds to the peaceful atmosphere, making the trek a serene experience for nature lovers.

What to See at Banasura Fort

Panoramic Views of the Himalayas

One of the main attractions of Banasura Fort is the breathtaking view it offers of the surrounding Himalayan ranges. From the top of the fort, visitors can see the Panchachuli peaks, as well as other major peaks stretching from Nepal to the Chaukhambha range. The tourism department has even installed a powerful telescope at the fort, allowing visitors to get an up-close view of these towering mountains.

Remains of the Ancient Structure

While much of Banasura Fort is now in ruins, the remains of the structure are still impressive. The fort’s elongated shape, its towers, and its intricate water management system offer a glimpse into the past and allow visitors to imagine what life must have been like within the fort’s walls.

Lohavati River

Another point of interest near the fort is the Lohavati River, which, according to legend, was formed from the blood of Banasura after his defeat at the hands of Lord Krishna. The soil around the river is still tinged with shades of red and black, adding to the mythical atmosphere of the place.

How to Reach Lohaghat

To reach Banasura Fort, travelers first need to get to Lohaghat, which is well connected by road to other major towns and cities in Uttarakhand. From Delhi, the journey to Lohaghat takes about 9-10 hours by road, covering a distance of approximately 440 kilometers.